Liquid metal battery (LMB) is a promising candidate for grid energy storage due to its long cycle life, low cost and easy scale-up. However, it has some drawbacks like low cell voltage and high operating temperature. In this work, we used the solid lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) instead of the liquid alloy as the cathode to promote the cell voltage and decrease the operating temperature. This liquid-solid metal battery was able to work at 350 °C by applying liquid lithium as anode, Li4Ti5O12-based material as cathode and LiCl-LiBr-KBr molten salt as electrolyte. The acquired Li | LiCl-LiBr-KBr | Li4Ti5O12@CCu battery cycled at 1 C rate (3.61 mA cm−2) for over 100 cycles with 0.02% capacity decay per cycle. An overall energy efficiency of 80%, coulombic efficiency of 96%, 1.2 V discharge voltage and cathode utilization of 82% were obtained. Furthermore, the effects of the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12-based materials, temperature and current density on the electrochemical performance of the cell were investigated.

Link：https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/reader/pii/S0013468622016218/pdf